How Aids Has Affected Our Society Essays - Pandemics, HIVAIDS

How Aids Has Affected Our Society Essays - Pandemics, HIVAIDS How Aids Has Affected Our Society Science - Health How Aids Has Affected Our Society Today more Americans are infected with STD's than at any other time in history. The most serious of these diseases is AIDS. Since the first cases were identified in the United States in 1981, AIDS has touched the lives of millions of American families. This deadly disease is unlike any other in modern history. Changes in social behavior can be directly linked to AIDS. Its overall effect on society has been dramatic. It is unknown whether AIDS and HIV existed and killed in the U.S. and North America before the early 1970s. However in the early 1980s, "deaths by opportunistic infections, previously observed mainly in tissue-transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy", were recognized in otherwise healthy homosexual men. In 1983 French oncologist Luc Montagnier and scientists at the Pasteur Institute in Paris isolated what appeared to be a new human retrovirus from the lymph node of a man at risk for having AIDS. At the same time, scientists working in the laboratory of American research, scientist Robert Gallo at the National Cancer Institute, one of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, and a group headed by American virologist Jay Levy at the University of California at San Francisco isolated a retrovirus from people with AIDS and from individuals having contact with people with AIDS. All three groups of scientists had isolated what is now known as HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Lorusso 2 In 1995 HIV was estimated to infect almost 20 million people worldwide, and several million of those people had developed AIDS. The disease is obviously an important social issue. AIDS has caused many to rethink their own social behavior. People are forced to use caution when involving themselves in sexual activity. They must use contraception to avoid the dangers of infection. Many people consider HIV infection and AIDS to be completely preventable because the routes of HIV transmission are so well known. To completely prevent transmission, however, dramatic changes in sexual behavior and drug dependence would have to occur throughout the world. Prevention efforts that promote sexual awareness through open discussion and condom distribution in public schools have been opposed due to fear that these efforts encourage sexual promiscuity among young adults. Similarly, needle-exchange programs have been criticized as promoting drug abuse. Governor Christine Todd Whitman vetoed a bill in New Jersey that tried to create a needle-exchange program. She was accused of being "compassionless". She replied that she could not allow drug addicts to continue to break the law. By distributing needles, she felt that she was, in fact, encouraging them to break the law. Prevention programs that identify HIV-infected individuals and notify their sexual partners, as well as programs that promote HIV testing at the time of marriage or pregnancy, have been criticized for invading personal privacy. Efforts aimed at public awareness have been propelled by community-based organizations, such as Project Inform and Act-Up, that provide current information to HIV-infected individuals and to individuals at risk for infection. Public figures and celebrities who are themselves Lorusso 3 HIV-infected or have died from AIDS-including American basketball player Magic Johnson, American actor Rock Hudson, American diver Greg Louganis, American tennis player Arthur Ashe, and British musician Freddie Mercury-have personalized the disease of AIDS and have thereby helped society come to terms with the enormity of the epidemic. In memory of those people who died from AIDS, especially in the early years of the epidemic, a giant quilt project was initiated in which each panel of the quilt was dedicated to the memory of an individual AIDS death. This quilt has traveled on display from community to community to promote AIDS awareness. The U.S. government has also attempted to assist HIV-infected individuals through legislation and additional community-funding measures. In 1990 HIV-infected people were included in the Americans with Disabilities Act, making discrimination against these individuals for jobs, housing, and other social benefits illegal. Additionally, a community-funding program designed to assist in the daily lives of people living with AIDS was established. This congressional act, the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act, was named in memory of a young man who contracted HIV through blood products and became a public figure for his courage in fighting the disease and community prejudice. The act is still in place, although continued funding for such social programs is under debate by current legislators. The lack of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs has spurred speculation that the funding for AIDS research is insufficient. Although the actual amount of government funding for AIDS research is large, most of these funds are used

Crimes in the Name of Honor essays

Crimes in the Name of Honor essays How important honor is? In various countries throughout the world, particularly in the Middle East and parts of South Asia, notion of family honor is extremely important. The reputation of a family in the Islamic world rests on the reputation of its women. Women are usually killed because their families suspect them of immoral behavior, and having thus dishonored their families must die. These kinds of crimes are justified in the name of honor. Honor killing is an old practice in which men kill female relatives such as sisters or daughters in order to protect their familys honor, for forced or suspected of losing their virginity outside marriage, for having refused an arranged marriage or having left a husband, even when they have been victims of a sexual crime. Therefore, women who bring dishonor to their families are forced to pay a terrible price at the hands of male family member. Among honor killings, according to UNICEF Executive Director targets violence against women, there are other kinds of violence. For example: bride burning, acid violence; in Bangladesh, a common punishment is sulfuric acid thrown in the womens face. Female infanticide has been practice as a brutal method of family planning in societies, usually of newborn girls in some communities in Asia. In the Documentary Crimes of Honor-Women in the Middle East, Rania Arafat is a young girl who ran away after falling in love with a man that her family didnt approve. Hiding from her family and fearing for her life. However, she believed in the words of her mother and father, therefore, she returned. But on the way home Rania was murdered, shot in the head by her brother. She was still a virgin. Ghazi al Marine had been married just three months, when a murder came to his home and shot his wife. The murder was her brother. According to the brother he killed her sister to p...

Islamic Philosophy and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic Philosophy and Law - Essay Example The result was a split between the Sunnis, who sought elections, and the Shi-ites, who sought a heritage accession. Now, the rift has meant further difference between the two groups of Islam who have claimed their respective leaders as political figures (in the case of the Sunnis) and prophets with divine insight (in the case of the Shi-ites). As such, followers of both sects have a different kind of respect for their leader and for the modern translations of ancient Islamic texts. Islamic law is very specific, with rules governing everything from punishments for stealing or adultery to the proper methods for burying the dead or how to conduct business. Sunni law is based on four different schools: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii and Hanbali, with specific reference to both the Qur'an and the Sunnah as perfected doctrine. While Sunni laws are quite similar to Shi-ite laws in that they subscribe to both major texts, the major differences in law are in terms of modern society. As Shi-ites put faith in their divine leaders (Imams) to show them towards the path of religious enlightenment through Islamic law, the majority of Sunnis instead believe that with democratic elections their people might be able to use religious doctrine to the best of their abilities in politics. Both sides are adamant in their interpretations of Islamic belief and law, and as such are often at violent odds with one another. Sunnis reason that it is through the already perfected Islamic texts that Muslims will find enlightenment, while Shi-ites conversely believe that the descendents of Muhammad are able to bring deeper insights to the previous texts and offer a better way of life for the future. Because of these differences, inheritance laws and punishment laws differ between the two Islamic sects and no permanent common ground has been cultivated as yet. Not unlike the rift between Catholics and the Orthodox Church, Sunni and Shi-ite Muslims have both grown past their original religious teachings to such an extent that the two can never come back together; in terms of governance this proves to be a continuously difficult challenge in the Middle East. Islamic philosophy has been influenced a great deal by the Persian (or in modern terms Iranian) theologian Al-Ghazali, who lived from 1058 to 1111. Al-Ghazali believed that every event and interaction was occasionalistic, or the will of god as opposed to a simple physical reality. He wrote a book called The Incoherence of the Philosophers in the 11th century that would change the face of Islamic theology greatly for years to come; the book moved the Islamic school of thought from its focus on Greek philosophers Aristotle and Plato towards a more rigorously religious point of view. Where Islamic scholars of past centuries had celebrated the teachings of Greeks like Plato and Socrates, Al-Ghazali denounced the men as non-believers and encouraged his fellow Muslims to embrace their religion instead of thinking outside of it. He made clear his belief that supporters of Greek philosophy were being disloyal to Islam, and literally hundreds of Muslims gathered to hear these theories where h e lectured at the Al-Nizamiyya

Justification Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Justification Report - Assignment Example HP provides business with computer systems for everyday business needs, and that’s budget-friendly. †¢ Alternative B – Dell: Is an American-owned computer technology firm based in Round Rock, Texas. Dell is amongst largest technological corporations in the world. Dell sells a variety of products that could help our business such as desktops, laptops, printers, and storage devices. Dell provides businesses with deals where the more one buys the more one saves. Dell is more expensive than HP. However, both offer first-class performance. Dell has more features than Hp. For example, comparing Dell Inspiron 17R Special Edition 7720, and HP Envy 2012, Dell has Blu-ray player, Beats Audio and 1920 by 1080 screen resolutions (Low, 2014). Dell has 17 promotions. The company offers three coupon codes, 12 sales, and two free shipping coupons. In their latest offer, Dell gave out 30% coupon deals on select laptops and desktops in the last day. Dell has web and social support and phone support. They have a speedy twitter team and a useful chat service. Many customers find solutions to their problems online. However, Dell has to streamline its support site to make it easier to get live chat function (Rutherford, 2014). HP has web and social support, and phone support. Customers argue that they were satisfied with the support from HP. However, some of their customer support services like SmartFriend are very expensive. They charge almost $100 for assistance (Low, 2014). The specifications of the machine vary from HP and Dell. However, the paper will compare two laptops, HP Compaq nc6220 and Dell Latitude D610. These two laptops are somehow similar. The HP laptop has Intel Pentium M 1.6 GHz, 512 MB DDRII ram, 14.1† 1024 X 768 resolution screen, Intel media accelerator, 40GB, 5400rpm HDD, DVD/CD-ROM (Low, 2014). The Dell Latitude D610 Intel Pentium M 1.86 GHz, 1GB DDRII,

Video games kill Essay Example for Free

Video games kill Essay Video games have become very popular among many age groups especially teenagers. Its common for teenagers to spend hours playing video games, particularly games with violence, sex, and criminal behavior. This is a huge concern for many parents. One parent says, My kid is so lazy, all he does is play video games in the basement! I dont know what to do. Susan, another parent says, Its frustrating when my son plays video games when its a beautiful day out. I dont get it! Many parents tend to believe video games are a waste of time, antisocial, and believe their child will become violent. But most young people, especially teen boys describe video games as fun, exciting, and another way to spend time with friends. An interesting fact parents should know is video game violence can increase aggression in only some individuals, depending on their personalities. Research by Patrick Markey, PhD, sampled 118 teenagers and participants played a violent or a non-violent video game and then hostility levels were tested. Teenagers who were highly neurotic, less agreeable and less conscientious, are more likely to be affected by violent video games. Participants who didnt have these personality traits were not affected or only slightly affected. Surprisingly, research has also found violent content isnt the main draw for the younger audience. Boys especially, surround friendships around video games and are more interested in playing to compete and win. It can be similar to rough-housing play boys engage in as part of normal development. Its another outlet for competition, status or to establish a hierarchy in the group (Olson CK. Childrens Motivations for Video Game Play in the Context of Normal Development). One teen, Alastair says, Its exciting, its like playing football, a way to bond. Another teen, Mike C. said, Some of my favorite high school memories were on xbox live. Its an easy way to connect with friends. Teenage boys want to compete with one another but it doesnt necessarily mean that because a kid plays a violent video game theyre immediately going to go out and beat somebody up, says Dr. David Walsh, president National Institute on Media and the Family. Researchers at Mass General Hospital Center for Mental Health and Media, discovered teenagers who play violent video and computer games use it as a way to cope with feelings, such as aggression, frustration, and stress. Many other scientists and psychologists also think video games can make your child smart, teaching high level thinking skills such as multitasking, quick thinking, working cooperatively, memory and self-confidence. Playing a video game is similar to working through a science problem. Like students in a laboratory, gamers must come up with a hypothesis, says James Paul Gee, Professor of Education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. For example, players in some games constantly try out combinations of weapons and powers to defeat an enemy. If one does not work, they change hypothesis and try the next one. Video games are goal-driven experiences, which are fundamental to learning. With a combination of concentration and rewarding surges, video games exercise and build muscle for the brain caused from neurotransmitters such as dopamine. Dopamine is a chemical released when we encounter something pleasurable, like when someone surprisingly finds a $20 dollar bill in their pocket. A teenager beating a level or using their favorite weapon to beat the enemy will release pleasurable feelings. Dopamine is very important for learning behavior and motivation for activities in our lives. This is a main reason teenagers love to play video games. But too much dopamine can become addicting. Parents should know the difference between a teen having fun and passing time opposed to being addicted to video games. Some signs of addiction are losing track of time, not eating and becoming irritable. One way to avoid video game addiction is teaching your children how to develop a balanced lifestyle. Also, create dialogue with your teen about the content of the video game. Showing interest in what your teen enjoys can open the door to a better relationship, improved communication and trust. If youre still frustrated with your teen, create an agreement about what you want changed. An agreement can be written or verbally explained about what is expected when it comes to chores, school, video games, or other responsibilities. If the teen, or even the parent breaks the agreement, both can talk about what happened or changes needed. Remember, be non-judgmental, acknowledge feelings, and listen when talking with your teen. Another form of effective communication is the use of I statements. It should replace the opposing You statements which implies judgment and blame, saying theyre at fault for playing video games. For example, a parent telling their teenager, You spend so much time playing video games, is not as effective as I am interested in knowing why playing video games are fun for you? Also, telling your teen what to do or how to feel will most likely upset them, making them feel controlled. Its best to be patient, manage anxiety and exemplify good behavior by showing them how to balance activities and express feelings. In addition, exposing your child to different activities can be very beneficial. Taking a trip to an art exhibit or sporting event can help teenagers discover new interests and learn other ways to be engaged. To sum up video game violence, one person who I think says it best is renowned comic-book author, Gerard Jones. He says, When we try to protect our children from their own feelings and fantasies, we shelter them not against violence but against power and selfhood. See more at: http://www. strugglingteens. com/artman/publish/DoVideoGamesKillES_130114. shtml#sthash. wtWmToi9. dpuf.

Identifying the Main Character in The Use of Force :: Personal Narrative

Identifying the Main Character in The Use of Force Since Olson narrates the story, I was tempted to focus on his opinions and motives in accessing and handling the intense situation of diagnosing a sick child. Though tempted to focus on Olson, after meticulous analysis of the passage, I noted Matilda as the character that force is being applied to-clearly a manifestation of the title of this story. All attention and focus is on Matilda employing care to her appearance as well as her fluster. Matilda just would not allow Olson to take cultures from the back of her throat. Olson’s blunt remarks to Matilda’s naà ¯ve parents â€Å"for heavens sake...she might have diphtheria and possibly die from it,† doesn’t affect the child in the least. Nothing changes. Diphtheria is an infectious disease in which a membrane forms over the air passage. Olson orders one parent, whom he subconsciously had not disclosed, to place the child on his lap and hold her wrist. Matilda shrieked terrifyingly, desperately, â€Å"Stop it! You’re killing me!† Matilda’s mother is even more naà ¯ve than her father because obviously Olson told the child she would die of a sore throat to startle her and prompt gravity to the urgency of acquiring the cultures. Yet, Matilda’s mother still questioned the doctor contemptibly till her husband had to suggest that she take leave of absence from the room, inferring that diphtheria is deadly. Olson’s ego is ruffled, for he states that he could have torn the child apart in his own fury and enjoyed it. It was a pleasure to attack her. Force is implied from the statements ‘Then the battle begins’ and ‘Oh yeah’ in Olson’s objection to the alternative to go to the hospital. This is embodied by the descriptions: abject, crushed, exhausted, magnificent heights of insane fury, and terror for the doctor. The doctor wrestles with Matilda and her parents. Operative determination in the final unreasoning assault, to overpower her neck and jaws to insert the tongue depressor, succeeded. Focus shifted from each character back to the child. Olsen speaks about the other characters at length, at all times referring their effect or concerns on the child. The only mention of defensiveness is in Matilda. She had fought valiantly, hiding the secret of her sore throat and cried blinding tears. Olson becomes impatient calling Matilda â€Å"a damn little brat,† emphasizing her ignorance when he says she has to be protected from her idiocy.

India and Different Religions

Unity in Diversity in India India is probable the only country in the world where people belonging to different religions, castes and creeds, speaking different languages, having different cultures, different modes of living, different clothing, different feeding habits, worshiping different gods and deity live together in harmony and believe to be the children of one mother-MOTHER INDIA. They are one nation at large. They are governed by one central authority, have one Prime Minister, one president, one Supreme Court and one army chief. This is why we say we have unity in diversity.Geographically India is a vast country so much so that even one of its states in bigger than many countries of Europe. But the whole country is well bounded by nature. In the north is the Himalayan Range. On the other side is the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea. This provides, natural geographical unity to INDIA we have different religions in India. Apart from Hinduism we have the foll owers of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity and Parsees. But Hindus form the greater majority. There are, no doubt, different factions, sections and sub-section but basically we all believe in the theory of Dharma and Karma.The theory of rebirth, purification of soul, salvation, Heaven and Hell holds good for each and every one. We untidily celebrate the festivals like Holy, Diwali, Charismas, Budh Jayanthi and Mahavir Jayanthi. This provides unity in diversity. India philosophy has developed on India soil. It has not been borrowed from anywhere. This has blended the various cultures together. There are differences in overall conception of gods, and modes of worship. These changes have been gradual due to interaction of different groups. But the ultimate aim of achieving salvation and the fear of Hell keeps them all bound together.Very important characteristic of Indian society is the coexistence of different ethnic groups. These groups formulated inter-group behavior. Hence there is no mutual interference as also no merging of their identity. There might be some drawback in our constitution such as separate provision for different castes; particularly the backward and scheduled castes and scheduled tribes but industrialization policy and agrarian reforms have generated a new secular outlook giving rise to a new culture. Members of different castes and communities and followers of different religions have come together in forms, factories and educational institution.As a result different cultures have been blended together thereby bringing unity among them. We have a cultural unity in India in as much as our philosophy of life, our customs, creeds and traditions are basically, more or less, the same. The institution of marriage, the very foundation of a society, exists all over the country and most of the rituals and sanskars are similar everywhere. Emotional unity plays its own part. The name of Bharat Mata brings us closer and closer together. I n spite of different languages and dialects, Sanskrit, the language of Vedas, brings us all together because Sanskrit is the mother of all languages.The outstanding features of Indian culture responsible for bringing unity in diversity may be summarized as follows: (a) We Indians lay emphasis on spirituality, not on material wealth. (b) Religion has the most important place in India. We believe in Karma and Sanskar. Performance of duty is our religion. (c) Religion tolerance is the unique feature of religions in India. Hence there is no difficulty in coexistence of follower of different religion. (d) Hinduism, which forms majority of the population, has the capacity to absorb all good cultures. It has either absorbed the immigrant cultures or has largely influenced them. e) We have a very broad outlook. We preach and follow religion and spiritualism without ignoring married life and worldly things. (f) We firmly believe in freedom of thought and freedom of expression because such fr eedom enriches the culture which then becomes dynamic. Although unity to the desired extent has not been attained but all attempts by foreign agencies to disrupt it or disprove it have proved futile. We might be subject to regionalism and casteism in trifling matters but we always rise to the occasion in times of need such as foreign interference or invasion on our territory. This is sufficient to prove our unity in diversity.

Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 29~30

CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE Talking Up the Dead Nate hadn't seen his old teacher, Gerard ;Growl; Ryder, in fourteen years, but except for the fact that he was very pale, the biologist looked exactly the same as Nate remembered him: short and powerful, a jaw like a knife, and a long swoop of gray hair that was always threatening to fall into his pale green eyes. â€Å"You're the Colonel?† Nate asked. Ryder had disappeared twelve years ago. Lost at sea in the Aleutians. â€Å"I toyed with the title for a while. For a week or so I was Man-Meat the Magnificent, but I thought that sounded like I might be compensating for something, so I decided to go with something military-sounding. It was a toss-up between Captain Nemo from Twenty Thousand Leagues and Colonel Kurtz from Heart of Darkness. I finally decided to go with just ‘the Colonel. It's more ominous.† â€Å"That it is.† Once again reality was taking a contextual tilt for Nate, and he was trying to keep from falling. This once brilliant, brilliant man was sitting in a mass of goo talking about choosing his megalomaniacal pseudonym. â€Å"Sorry to keep you waiting for so long before I brought you down here. But now that you're here, how's it feel to stand in the presence of God?† â€Å"Respectfully, sir, you're a fucking squirrel.† â€Å"This doesn't feel right,† Clay whispered to Libby Quinn. â€Å"We shouldn't be having a funeral when Nate's still alive.† â€Å"It's not a funeral,† said Libby. â€Å"It's a service.† They were all there at the Whale Sanctuary. In the front row: Clay, Libby, Margaret, Kona, Clair, and the Old Broad. Moving back: Cliff Hyland and Tarwater with their team, the Count and his research grommets, Jon Thomas Fuller and all of the Hawaii Whale Inc. boat crews, which constituted about thirty people. On back: whale cops, bartenders, and a couple of waitresses from Longee's. From the harbor: live-aboards and charter captains, the harbormaster, booth girls and dive guides, boat hands and a guy who worked the coffee counter at the fuel dock. Also, researchers from the University of Hawaii and, strangely enough, two black-coral divers – all crowded into the lecture hall, the ceiling fans stirring their smells together into the evening breeze. Clay had scheduled the service in the evening so the researchers wouldn't miss a day of the research season. â€Å"Still,† said Clay. â€Å"He was a lion,† said Kona, a tear glistening in his eye. â€Å"A great lion.† This was the highest compliment a Rastafarian can bestow upon a man. â€Å"He's not dead,† said Clay. â€Å"You know that, you doof.† â€Å"Still,† said Kona It was a Hawaiian funeral in that everyone was in flip-flops and shorts, but the men had put on their best aloha shirts, the women their crispest flowered dresses, and many had brought leis and head garlands, which they draped over the wreaths at the front of the room that represented Nathan Quinn and Amy Earhart. A Unity Church minister spoke for ten minutes about God and the sea and science and dedication, and then he opened up the floor to anyone who had something to say. There was a very long pause before the Old Broad, wearing a smiling-whale-print muumuu and a dozen white orchids in her hair, tottered to the podium. â€Å"Nathan Quinn lives on,† she said. â€Å"Can I get an amen!† shouted Kona. Clair yanked his remaining dreadlocks. All the biologists and grad students looked at each other, eyes wide, confused, wondering if any of them had actually brought an amen that they could give up. No one had told them they were going to need an amen, or they would have packed one. All the harbor people and Lahaina citizens were intimidated by the science people, and they were not about to give up an amen in front of all of these eggheads, no way. The whale cops didn't like the fact that Kona was not in jail, and they weren't giving him shit, let alone an amen. Finally one of the black-coral divers who had that night found the perfect cocktail for grieving in a hit of ecstasy, a joint, and a forty of malt liquor, sighed a feeble ;Amen; over the mourners like a sleepy, stinky, morning-breath kiss. â€Å"And I know,† continued the Old Broad, â€Å"that if it were not for his stubbornness in procuring a pastrami on rye for that singer in the channel, he would be here with us today.† â€Å"But if he were here with us – † whispered Clair. â€Å"Shhhhhh,† shushed Margaret Painborne. â€Å"Don't you shush me, or you'll be munching carpet through a straw.† â€Å"Please, honey,† said Clay. The Old Broad rambled on about talking to the whales every day for the last twenty-five years, about how she'd known Nate and Clay and Cliff when they first came to the island and how young and stupid they were then, and how that had changed, as now they weren't that young anymore. She talked about what a thoughtful and considerate man Nate was, but how, if he hadn't been so absentminded, he might have found a decent woman to love him, and how she didn't know where he was, but if he didn't get his bottom back to Maui soon, she would twist his ear off when she saw him. And then she sat down to resounding silence and tittering pity, and everyone looked at Clay, who looked at a ceiling fan. After a long, awkward minute, when the Unity minister had to head-fake to the podium a couple of times, as if he would have to call a conclusion to the service, Gilbert Box – the Count – got up. He wasn't wearing his hat for once, but he still wore his giant wraparound sunglasses, and without the balance of the giant hat, the glasses atop his angular frame made him appear insectlike, a particularly pale praying mantis in khakis. He adjusted the microphone, cleared his throat with great pomp, and said, â€Å"I never liked Nathan Quinn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And everyone waited for the â€Å"but,† but it never came. Gilbert Box nodded to the crowd and sat back down. Gilbert's grommets applauded. Cliff Hyland spoke next, talking for ten minutes about what a great guy and fine researcher Nate was. Then Libby actually went forward and spoke at length about Nate's Canadianness and how he had once defended the Great Seal of British Columbia as being superior to all the other provincial seals in that it depicted a moose and a ram smoking a hookah, showing a spirit of cooperation and tolerance, while Ontario's seal depicted a moose and an elk trying to eat a bear, and Saskatchewan's showed a moose and a lion setting fire to a fondue pot – both of which clearly exploited the innate Canadian fear of moose – and the seal of Quebec depicted a woman in a toga flashing one of her boobs at a lion, which was just fucking French. He'd named all the provinces and their seals, but those were the ones Libby could remember. Then Libby sniffled and sat down. â€Å"That's what you could come up with?† hissed Clay. â€Å"What, five years of marriage?† Libby whispered in his ear, â€Å"I had to go with something that wouldn't threaten Margaret. I don't see you storming the podium.† â€Å"I'm not going to talk about my dead friend when I don't think he's dead.† And before they knew it, Jon Thomas Fuller was at the podium being thankful for Nate's support for his new project, then going on about how much he appreciated how the whale-research community had gotten behind his new â€Å"dolphin interaction center,† all of which was big news to the whale-research community who was listening. During the short speech, Clair had caught Clay's neck in what appeared to be an embrace of consolation but was in fact a choke hold she'd learned from watching cops on the news. â€Å"Baby, if you try to go after him, I'll have you unconscious on the floor in three seconds. That would be disrespectful to Nate's memory.† But her effort left Kona unattended on the other side, and he managed to cough ;Bullshit; as Jon Thomas took his seat. Next a grad student who worked for Cliff Hyland stood and talked about how Nate's work had inspired her to go into the field. Then someone from the Hawaiian Department of Conservation and Resources talked about how Nate had always been at the forefront of conservation and protection of the humpbacks. Then the harbormaster talked about Nate's being a competent and conscientious boat pilot. All told, an hour had passed, and when it seemed obvious that no one else was going to stand up, the minister moved toward the podium but was beaten to it by Kona, who had slipped from Clair's steely grip and high-stepped his way to the front. â€Å"Like old Auntie say, Nathan is living on. But no one here today say a thing about the Snowy Biscuit, who – Jah's mercy be on her – is feeding fishes in the briny blue about now.† (Sniff.) â€Å"I know her only short time, but I think I can say for all of us, that I always want to see her naked. Truth, mon. And when I think upon the round, firm – ; † – she will be missed,† Clay said, finishing for the faux Hawaiian. He had clamped a hand over Kona's mouth and was dragging him out the door. â€Å"She was a bright kid.† With that, the minister jumped to the podium, thanked everyone for coming, and declared, with a prayer, all respects paid in full. Amen. â€Å"Well, yes, mental health can be a problem,† said Growl Ryder. â€Å"Being God's conscience is a tough job.† Nate looked around, and, as if following his gaze, the Goo receded around them until they were in a chamber about fifteen feet in diameter – a bubble. It was like camping in someone's bladder, Nate thought. â€Å"That better?† Ryder asked. Nate realized that the Colonel was the one controlling the shape of the chamber they were in. â€Å"Someplace to sit would be good.† The Goo behind Nate shaped itself into a chaise longue. Nate touched it tentatively, expecting to pull his hand back trailing strings of slime, but although the Goo glistened as if it were wet, on the chair it felt dry. Warm and icky, but dry. He sat down on the chaise. â€Å"Everyone thinks you're dead,† Nate said. â€Å"You, too.† Nate hadn't thought about it much, but, of course, the Colonel had to be right. They would have thought him long dead. â€Å"You've been here since you disappeared, what, twelve years ago?† â€Å"Yes, they took me with a modified right whale, ate my whole Zodiac, my equipment – everything. They brought me here in a blue whale. I went mad during the trip. Couldn't handle the whole idea of it. They kept me restrained most of the way here. I'm sure that didn't help.† Ryder shrugged. â€Å"I got better, once I accepted the way things are down here. I understood why they took me.† â€Å"And that would be†¦?† â€Å"The same reason they took you. I was about to figure out their existence from what was hidden in the signal of different whale calls. They took both of us to protect the whale ships and, ultimately, the Goo. We should be grateful they didn't just kill us.† Nate had wondered about that before. Why the trouble? â€Å"Okay, why didn't they?† â€Å"Well, they took me alive because the Goo and the people here wanted to know what I knew, and by what path I came to suspect the content in the whale calls. They took you alive because I ordered it so.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"What do you mean, ‘why'? Because we were colleagues, because I taught you, because you're bright and intuitive and I liked you and I'm a decent guy. ‘Why? Fuck you, ‘why?  » â€Å"Growl, you live in a slime lair and maintain an identity as the mysterious overlord of an undersea city, you command a fleet of meat dreadnaughts with crews of humanoid whale people, and you're currently reclining in a pulsating mass of gelatinous goo that looks like it escaped from hell's own Jell-O mold – so excuse the fuck out of me if I question your motives.† â€Å"Okay, good point. Can I get you something to drink?† Like many scientists Nate had known, Ryder had plodded on only to realize midcourse that he'd forgotten certain social niceties practiced by other civilized humans, but in this case he was completely missing the point. â€Å"No, I don't need anything to drink. I need to know how this happened. What is this stuff? You're a biologist, Growl, you have to have been curious about this.† â€Å"I'm still curious. But what I do know is that this stuff makes up everything in Gooville, everything you've seen here, the buildings, the corridors, most of the machinery – although I guess you'd call it biomachinery – all of it is the Goo. One giant, all-encompassing organism. It can form itself into nearly any organism on earth, and it can design new organisms as the need arises. The Goo made the whale ships and the whaley boys. And here's the kicker, Nate: It didn't make them over thirty million years. The entire species isn't more than three hundred years old.† â€Å"That's not possible,† Nate said. There were certain things that you accepted if you were going to be a biologist, and one of them was that complex life was a process of evolution by natural selection, that you got a new species because the genes that favored survival in a certain environment were replicated in that species, selected by being passed on, often a process that took millions of years. You didn't put in your order and pick up a new species at the window. There was no cosmic fry cook, there was no watchmaker, there was no designer. There was only process and time. â€Å"How could you possibly know that anyway?† â€Å"I just know things by being in contact with the Goo, but I'm not far off. It might be less time – two hundred years.† â€Å"Two hundred years? The whaley boys are definitely sentient by any definition, and I don't even know what the whale ships are, but they're definitely alive, too. That kind of complexity doesn't happen in that short a time.† â€Å"No, I'd say the Goo has probably been here as long as three and a half billion years. The rocks around these caves are some of the oldest in the world. I'm just saying the whaley boys and the ships are new. They're only a few hundred years old because that's how long ago the Goo needed them.† â€Å"The Goo needed them, so it made them to serve it? Like it has will?† â€Å"It does have will. It's self-aware, and it knows a lot. In fact, I'd venture to say that the Goo is a repository for every bit of biological knowledge on the planet. This, Nate, this Goo is as close to God as we are ever going to see. It's the perfect soup.† â€Å"As in primordial soup?† â€Å"Precisely. Four billion years ago some big organic molecules grouped up, probably around some deep-sea source of geothermal heat, and they learned how to divide, how to replicate. Since replication is the name of life's game, it very quickly – probably in the span of less than a hundred million years – covered the entire planet. Big organic molecules that couldn't exist now because there are millions of bacteria that would eat them, but back then there were no bacteria. At one time the entire oceanic surface of the earth was populated by one single living thing that had learned to replicate itself. Sure, as the replicators were exposed to different conditions they mutated, they developed into new species, they fed on each other, some colonized each other and turned into complex animals, and then more complex animals, but part of that original living animal pulled back into its original niche. By this time chemical information was being exchanged – fi rst by UNA, then by DNA – and as each new species evolved, it carried on all the information for making the next species, and that information came back to the original animal. But it had its safe niche, pulling energy from the earth's heat, sheltered in the deep ocean and by rock. It took in all the information from the animals that it came in contact with, but it changed only enough to protect itself, replicate itself. While a million million species lived and died in the sea, this original animal evolved very slowly, learning, always learning. Think of it, Nate: Within the cells of your body is not only the blueprint for every living thing on earth but everything that has ever lived. Ninety-eight percent of your DNA is just hitching a ride, just lucky little genes that were smart enough to align themselves to other successful genes, like marrying into money, if you will. But the Goo, not only does it have all of those genes, it has the diagram to turn them on and off. Th at seat you're sitting on may well be three billion years old.† Nate suddenly felt something he'd felt before only when waking up in a hotel with the bedspread pulled up around his face: a deep and earnest hope, motivated by disgust, that in all the time it had been there, someone had cleaned the cast-off genetic material from it. He stood up, just for safety. â€Å"How could you possibly know this, Growl? It goes against everything we know about evolution.† â€Å"No it doesn't. It completely fits. Yes, a complex process like life can develop, given enough time, but we also know that an animal that fits perfectly into its niche isn't pressured to change. Sharks have remained basically the same for a hundred million years, the chambered nautilus for five hundred million. Well, you're just looking at the animal that found its niche first. The first animal, the source.† Nate shook his head at the magnitude of it. â€Å"You might be able to explain the evolutionary path being preserved, but you can't explain consciousness, analytical thought, processes that require a very complex mechanism to perform. You can't pull off that sort of complexity of function with big, fluffy organic molecules.† â€Å"The molecules have evolved, but they remembered. The Goo is a complex, if amorphous, life form; there are no analogs for it. Everything is a model of it, and nothing is a model of it.† Nate stepped back from the Colonel, and the Goo flexed to make room for him. The movement gave him a brief moment of vertigo, and he lost his balance. The Goo caught him, the surface moving forward against his shoulder blades just enough to steady him on his feet. Nate whipped around quickly and the Goo pulled back. â€Å"God, that's creepy!† â€Å"There you go, Nate. Aware. You'd be amazed at what the Goo knows – at what it can tell us. You can have a life here, Nate. You'll see things here you would never see, you'll do things you could never do. And in the process you can help me unravel the greatest biological riddle in the history of the world.† â€Å"I think you're supposed to laugh manically after saying something like that, Colonel.† â€Å"If you help me, I'll give you what you've always wanted.† â€Å"Despite what you think, what I want is to go home.† â€Å"That's not going to happen, Nate. Not ever. You're a bright man, so I won't insult you by pretending the circumstances are any different than they are: You are not ever going to leave these caverns alive, so now you have to make the decision of how you want to spend your life. You can have everything here that you could have on the surface – much more, in fact – but you're not leaving.† â€Å"Well, in that case, Colonel, see if you can get your giant booger to duplicate you so you can go fuck yourself.† â€Å"I know what the whale song means, Nate. I know what it's for.† Nate felt as if he'd been sucker-punched by his own obsession, but he tried not to show the impact. â€Å"Doesn't really matter now, does it?† â€Å"I understand. You take a little time to work into the idea, Nate, but there is some urgency. This isn't just standing back and collecting data – we need to do something. I want your help. We'll talk soon.† The Goo came down and seemed to envelop the Colonel. There was a sound like ripping paper, and a long, pink tunnel opened behind Nate, leading all the way to the iris door through which he'd entered. He took one last look over his shoulder, but there was nothing except Goo, Ryder was gone. Nate was met in the hall by the two big killer whaley boys, who took one look at his face, then looked at each other, then snickered, with big toothy grins. Emily 7 was nowhere to be seen. â€Å"He's a fucking squirrel,† Nate said. The whaley boys went into wheezing fits of laughter, doubling over as they led Nate down the corridor and back to the grotto. Say what you want, Nate thought. The Goo designed these guys to enjoy themselves. As soon as Nate entered the apartment, he knew he wasn't alone. There was a smell there, and not just the ubiquitous ocean smell that permeated the whole grotto, but a sweeter, artificial smell. He quickly checked the main living rooms and the bathroom. When the portal to the bedroom opened, he could see a shape under the covers in his double bed. The biolighting hadn't come on in the bedroom as usual. Nate sighed. The shape under the covers nuzzled into the corner of the bed exactly the way she had on the whale ship. â€Å"Emily 7, you are a lovely – ah – person, really, but I'm – † He was what? He had no idea what he was going to say. He was just trying to get to know himself better? He needed some space? But then he realized that whatever, whoever was under the sheets was too small to be the enamored whaley boy. Nu;ez, he thought. This was going to be worse than Emily 7. Nu;ez was really his only human contact in Gooville, even if she was working for the cause. He didn't want to alienate her. He couldn't afford to. He moved into the room, trying to think of a way that this could possibly not make things worse. â€Å"Look, I know that we've spent a lot of time together, and I like you, I really do –  » â€Å"Good,† said Amy, throwing back the covers. â€Å"I like you, too. You coming in?† CHAPTER THIRTY Motherfluker Clay and Kona had spent the day cleaning the muck out of the raised-from-the-deep Always Confused. Now Clay stood on the breakwater at the Lahaina Harbor, watching the sun bubble red into the Pacific and throw purple fire over the island. He was feeling that particular mix of melancholy and agitation that usually comes with drinking coffee and Irish whiskey at the wake of someone you never knew, and it usually ends in a fight. He felt as if he should do something, but he didn't know what. He needed to move, but he didn't know where. Libby had confirmed that the last message about Nate had been recorded more than a week after he'd disappeared, and it seemed to be more evidence that Nate had survived his ordeal in the channel, but where was he? How do you rush in to save someone when you don't know where he is? All their analysis of the tapes since then had yielded nothing but whale calls. Clay was lost. â€Å"What you doing?† Kona, barefoot and smelling of bleach, came up behind him. â€Å"I'm waiting for the green flash.† He wasn't, really, but sometimes, just as the sun dipped below the horizon, it happened. He needed something to happen. â€Å"Yeah, I seen that. What cause that?† â€Å"Uh, well† – and that was another thing, he didn't have enough of a handle on the natural sciences to keep this whole project going – â€Å"I believe as the sun disappears under the horizon, the residual spectrum bounces off the mucusphere, thus causing the green flash.† â€Å"Yah, mon. The mucusphere.† â€Å"It's science,† said Clay, knowing that it wasn't science. â€Å"When the boat clean, then we going out, record whales and like dat?† Good question, Clay thought. He could collect the data, but he didn't have the knowledge necessary to analyze it. He had hoped that Amy would do that. â€Å"I don't know. If we find Nate, maybe.† â€Å"You think he still living, then? Even after all this time?† â€Å"Yeah. I hope. I guess we should keep up the work until we can find him.† â€Å"Yeah. Nate say them Japanese going to kill our minkes if you don't work hard.† â€Å"Minke whales, yeah. I've been on one of their ships. Norwegians, too.† â€Å"That's some evil fuckery.† â€Å"Maybe. The minke herd is large. They're not endangered. The Japanese and the Norwegians aren't really taking enough of them to hurt the population, so why shouldn't we let them hunt them? I mean, what's the argument for stopping them? Because whales are cute? The Chinese fry kitties – we don't protest them.† â€Å"The Chinese fry kitties?† â€Å"I'm not saying I agree with killing them, but we really don't have a good argument.† â€Å"The Chinese fry kitties?† Kona's voice was getting higher each time he spoke. â€Å"Maybe some of the work we do here can prove that these animals have culture, that they're closer to us than they perceive. Then we'll have an argument.† â€Å"Kitties? Like, little meow kitties? They just fry them?† Clay was musing, watching the sunset and feeling sad and frustrated, and words came out of him like a long, rambling sigh: â€Å"Of course, when I was on the whaling ship, I saw how the Japanese whalers looked at the animals. They see them as fish. No more or less than a tuna. But I was photographing a sperm-whale mother and her calf, and the calf got separated from the pod. The mother came back to get the calf and pushed it away from our Zodiac. The whalers were visibly moved. They recognized that mother/child behavior. It wasn't fish behavior. So it's not a lost cause.† â€Å"Kitties?† Kona sighed, taking on the same tone of resignation that Clay had used. â€Å"Yeah,† said Clay. â€Å"So how we going to find Nate so we can do good work and save them humpies and minkes?† â€Å"Is that what we're doing?† â€Å"No. Not now. Now we just watching for a green flash.† â€Å"I don't know any science, Kona. I made that up, about the green flash.† â€Å"Ah, I didn't know. Science you don't know just looks like magic.† â€Å"I don't believe in magic.† â€Å"Oh, brah, don't say dat. Magic come bite you in the ass for sure. You going to need my help for sure now.† Clay felt some of the weight of his melancholy lift by sharing a moment with the surfer, but his need to act was worrying at him like a flea in the ear. â€Å"Let's take a drive up-country, Kona.† â€Å"They really fry kitties in China?† Kona said, his voice so high now that dogs living around the harbor winced. â€Å"Amy, what, how – what?† The lights had come up, and Nate could see that it was Amy in his bed. It was a lot of Amy that he hadn't seen before. â€Å"They took me, Nate. Just like you. A few days later. It was horrible. Quick, hold me.† â€Å"A whale ship ate you, too?† â€Å"Yes, just like you. Hold me, I'm so afraid.† â€Å"And they brought you all the way here?† â€Å"Yes, just like you, only it's worse for a dame. I feel†¦ so†¦ so naked. Hold me.† † ‘Dame'? No one says ‘dame' anymore.† â€Å"Well, African-American, then.† â€Å"You are not African-American.† â€Å"I can't remember all the politically correct terms. Christ, Nate, what do you need, a diagram? Crawl in.† Amy flapped the covers, threw them back, then struck a cheesecake pose, grinning. But Nate backed away. â€Å"You put your head in the water to listen for the whale. The only other person I ever saw do that was Ryder.† â€Å"Look at my tan line, Nate.† She danced her fingertips over her tan line, which to Nate looked more like a beige line. Nevertheless, she had his attention. â€Å"I've never had a tan line before.† â€Å"Amy!† â€Å"What!† â€Å"You set me up!† â€Å"I'm naked over here. Haven't you thought about that?† â€Å"Yes, but –  » â€Å"Ha! You admit it. I was your research assistant. You had firing power over me. Yet there you are, thinking about me naked.† â€Å"You are naked.† â€Å"Ha! I think I've made my point.† â€Å"That ‘ha' thing is unprofessional, Amy.† â€Å"Don't care. I no longer work for you, and you are not the boss of me anymore, and furthermore, look at this butt.† She rolled over. He did. She looked back over her shoulder and grinned. â€Å"Ha!† â€Å"Stop that.† He looked at the wall. â€Å"You spied on me. You caused all this to happen.† â€Å"Don't be ridiculous. I was just part of it, but all that is forgiven. Look how luscious I am.† Amy did a presentation wave over herself, as if Nate had just won her in a game show. â€Å"Would you stop that?† Nate reached over and pulled the covers up to her chin. â€Å"Lus-cious,† she said, pulling the covers down, revealing a breast with each syllable. Nate walked out of the room. â€Å"Put on some clothes and come out here. I'm not going to try to talk to you like that.† â€Å"Fine, don't talk,† she called after him. â€Å"Just crawl in.† â€Å"You're just bait,† he called from the kitchen. â€Å"Hey, buster, I'm not that young.† â€Å"This conversation is over until you come out here fully dressed.† Nate sat down at his little dining table and tried to will away his erection. â€Å"What are you, some kind of fruitcake, some kind of sissy boy, some kind of fairy, huh?† â€Å"Yes, that's it,† Nate said. For a moment nothing but quiet from the bedroom. Then: â€Å"Oh, my God, I feel like such a maroon.† Her voice was softer now. She came stumbling out of the bedroom, the sheet wrapped around her. â€Å"I'm really sorry, Nate. I had no idea. You seemed so interested. I wouldn't have –  » â€Å"Ha!† Nate said. â€Å"See how it feels.† The Old Broad had given them iced ginger tea and set Kona up at one of her telescopes to look at the moon. She sat down next to Clay on the lanai and they listened to the night for a while. â€Å"It's nice up here,† Clay said. â€Å"I don't think I've been up here at night before.† â€Å"Clay, I'm usually in bed by now, so I hope you don't think me dense if I get things clear in my mind.† â€Å"Of course not, Elizabeth.† â€Å"Thank you. As I see it, for years you and Nate have been telling everyone that I'm a nut job because I said I could communicate with whales. Now you drive up here in a froth – in the middle of the night – to deliver the earth-shattering news that what I've been telling you all along is possible?† She leaned her chin on her fist and looked wide-eyed at Clay. â€Å"That about right?† â€Å"We never called you a nut job, Elizabeth,† Clay said. â€Å"That's an overstatement.† â€Å"Doesn't matter, Clay. I'm not mad.† She sipped her tea. â€Å"And I'm not angry either. I've been in these islands a very long time, Clay, and I've lived on the side of this volcano for most of it. I've spent more time looking down on that channel than most people have spent on the planet, but not once did you or Nate ask me why. Didn't want to look a gift horse in the mouth, I guess. Easier to think I was just a few bananas short of a bunch than to ask me why I was interested.† Clay felt sweat running down the small of his back. He'd been uncomfortable around the Old Broad before, but in a totally different way – the way one feels when a matron aunt pinches your cheek and starts to ramble inanely about the old days, not like this. This was like getting sandbagged by a prosecutor. â€Å"I don't think that Nate or I could answer that question, Elizabeth, so it's not out of order that we didn't ask you.† â€Å"That's a load a shark balls, old Auntie,† Kona said, not looking away from the eyepiece of the eight-inch mirror telescope. â€Å"He's a sweet boy,† the Old Broad said. â€Å"Clay, you know that Mr. Robinson was in the navy. Did I ever tell you what it was that he did?† â€Å"No, ma'am, I just assumed he was an officer.† â€Å"I can understand how you might think that, but all the money came from my family. No, sweetheart, he was a noncom, a chief petty officer, a sonar man. In fact, I'm told he was the best sonar man in the navy at the time.† â€Å"I'm sure he was, Elizabeth, but – ; â€Å"Shut up, Clay. You came here for help, I'm helping you.† â€Å"Yes, ma'am.† Clay shut up. â€Å"James – that was Mr. Robinson's first name – he loved to listen to the humpbacks. He said they made his job a damn sight harder, but he loved them. We were stationed in Honolulu then, but submarine crews were on and off on hundred-day duty shifts, so when he would have time in port, we would come over to Maui, rent a boat, and go out in the channel. He wanted me to be part of the world he lived in all the time – the world of sound under the sea. You can understand that, can't you, Clay?† â€Å"Of course.† But Clay was getting a not-so-good feeling about this trip down memory lane. He had things he needed to know, but he wasn't sure that this was part of them. â€Å"That's when I bought Papa Lani with some of my father's money. We thought we'd live there full-time eventually, maybe turn it into a hotel. Anyway, one day James and I decided to rent a little powerboat and camp on the ocean side of Lanai. It was a calm day and an easy trip. On our way over, a big humpback came up beside the boat. It even seemed to change course when we did. James slowed down so we could stay with our new friend. There were no rules then about getting close to the whales like there are now. We didn't even know we were supposed to save them back then, but James loved the humpbacks, and I had come to as well. â€Å"There was no one but the pineapple-company workers on Lanai at that time, so we found a deserted beach where we thought we'd build a fire, cook some dinner, drink highballs from tin cups, swim naked, and†¦ you know, make love on the beach. See there, I've shocked you.† â€Å"No you haven't,† said Clay. â€Å"Yes I have. I'm sorry.† â€Å"No you haven't. Really, I'm fine, tell the story.† Old ladies, he thought. â€Å"When the trade winds came up that evening, we pitched the tent a little ways off the beach in a small canyon sheltered from the wind. Well, I gave James my best hummer, and he fell asleep right away.† Clay choked on his iced tea. â€Å"Oh, my dear, did an ice cube go down the wrong pipe? Kona, come here and Heimlich Clay, dear.† â€Å"No, I'm fine.† Clay waved the surfer away. â€Å"Really, I'm okay.† Tears streamed down his cheeks, and he wiped his nose on his shirttail. He was suddenly incredibly grateful he hadn't brought Clair. â€Å"Just need to catch my breath.† Kona sat down cross-legged at their feet, having suddenly found that he was interested in history. â€Å"Go ahead, old Auntie.† â€Å"Well, I got a little bit of a headache. So I decided to go back to the boat to get an aspirin from the first-aid kit. Come to think of it, it must have been from the tension in my neck. I always got a crick in my neck when I did that, but James loved it so.† â€Å"Jesus, Elizabeth, would you get on with the story,† Clay said. â€Å"I'm sorry, dear, I've shocked you, haven't I?† â€Å"No, I'm fine. I'm just curious to find out what happened.† â€Å"Well, as long as I didn't shock you. I suppose I should be more discreet in front of the boy, but it is part of the story.† â€Å"No, please. What happened on the beach?† â€Å"You know, we could fuck like mad monkeys, all night long, and it never gave me a headache, but one –  » â€Å"The beach, please.† â€Å"When I got to the beach, there were two men near the boat. It looked like they were doing something to the engine. I ducked behind a rock before they saw me. I watched them in the moonlight, a short one and the tall one. The tall one seemed to be wearing some sort of helmet or diving suit. But then the short one said something, and the tall one started laughing – snickering, really – and I saw his face in the moonlight. It wasn't a helmet, Clay. It was a face – a smooth, shiny face, with a jaw full of teeth. I could see the teeth even from where I was. It wasn't human, Clay. â€Å"Well, I went back and woke James, told him he had to come see. I took him back to my hiding place. The two men, or the man and that thing were still there, but behind them, right there almost on the beach, was also a humpback, a big one. The water couldn't have been ten feet deep where he was, yet he was sitting there calm as could be. â€Å"Well, all James saw was the two men messing with our boat. We had drunk quite a few cocktails, I guess, and James had his big, strong man act to do. He told me to stay where I was and not to move for anything. Then he went after them – shouting at the top of his lungs for them to get away. The tall one, the nonhuman thing, dove under the water right away, but the man looked around like he'd been trapped. He started wading out toward the whale, and James went right in after him. Then, at last, James saw the whale. He just stopped there in the surf and looked. That's when the thing came up out of the water behind him. Suddenly it was just there, looming behind James. I wanted to yell, but I was so afraid. The thing, it hit James with something, maybe a rock, and he fell forward into the water. Then I screamed for all I was worth, but I'm not sure they even heard me over the noise of the wind and the surf. â€Å"The man took one of James's arms, the thing the other, and they swam to the whale with James in tow. Then, Clay, as crazy as this sounds, this is what happened: That whale rolled over, and they stuffed James into it, back by the genital slit, I think. Then they both crawled into it as well. Then the whale kicked its tail until it was in deeper water and swam away. I never saw my husband again.† The Old Broad took Clay's hand and squeezed it. â€Å"I swear to you, that's how it happened, Clay.† Clay didn't know what to say. Over the years she'd said a lot of crazy-sounding stuff, but this was the mother of all crazy stuff. Yet she was more serious than he'd ever seen her. It didn't matter what he believed – there was only one thing to say to her. â€Å"I believe you, Elizabeth.† â€Å"That's why, Clay. That's why I've helped finance you over the years, it's why I've watched the channel all these years, it's why I own two acres right near the water, yet I've lived up-country for all these years.† â€Å"I don't understand, Elizabeth.† â€Å"They came back, Clay. That night the whale came back, and the thing came back to the beach, but I hid. They came back for me. The next day I didn't even go back to the boat. I hiked my way to the pineapple plantation and got help there. They brought me back to Lahaina on one of their big freighters. I haven't been on the water since. The closest I ever go near the water is when there's an event at the sanctuary, and then there are a lot of people around.† Clay thought about the Japanese soldier they'd found on a Pacific island who'd been hiding from the Americans for twenty years after the war was over. Elizabeth Robinson had obviously been hiding from something that wasn't looking for her. â€Å"Didn't you tell anyone? Surely the navy would have wanted to find out what happened to one of their best sonar men.† â€Å"They asked. I told them. They dismissed it. They said James went swimming at night, he drowned, and I was drunk. They sent some men over there, and so did the Maui police. They found the boat, still on the beach, with everything in working order. They found our camp, and they found an empty bottle of rum. That was the end of it.† â€Å"Why didn't you ever tell me? Or Nate?† â€Å"I wanted you to keep doing the work that you do. Meanwhile, I kept watching. I read all the scientific journals, too, you know. I look for anything that might make sense of it. Come with me.† She got up and went into her house, Clay and Kona following without a word. In the bedroom she opened a cedar chest and took out a large scrapbook. She laid it on the bed and flipped it open to the last page. It was Nate's obituary. â€Å"Nathan was one of the best in the field, and that little girl said that a whale ate him. Then she disappeared at sea.† She flipped a page. â€Å"Twelve years ago this Dr. Gerard Ryder disappeared at sea, also studying whale calls at the time, although blue whales.† She flipped another page. â€Å"This fellow, a Russian sonar expert who defected to England, disappeared off Cornwall in 1973. They said it was probably KGB.† â€Å"Well, it probably was KGB. I'm sorry, Elizabeth, but each of these incidents seems to have a perfectly normal explanation, and they happen over such a long period of time in different places. I don't see what the connection is.† â€Å"It's underwater sound, Clay. And they're not normal. All these men, including my James, were experts at listening to the ocean.† â€Å"Even so, are you saying that someone has trained whales? That creatures have been abducting sonar guys and shoving them up whales' bums?† â€Å"Don't be crude, Clay. You came to me because you wanted help, I'm trying to give it to you. I don't know who they are, but what you've told me about there being language hidden in the whale song – it just confirms in my mind that they took Nate, and James, and all these other people. That's all I know. I'm telling you that I'm sure that Nate is alive, too. It's another piece to the puzzle.† Clay sat down on the bed next to the scrapbook. There were articles from scientific journals on cetacean biology, on underwater acoustics, news items about whale strandings, some that didn't seem connected at all. It was the search path of someone who didn't know what she was looking for. He'd gone so long thinking of her as crazy that he'd never given her credit for how knowledgeable she really was. He was realizing only now what had been driving her. He felt like a shit. â€Å"Elizabeth, what about the call about the sandwich? What about the crystals and the whales talking to you – all of that? I don't understand.† â€Å"I did get the call, Clay. And as for the other, I have dreams of the whales talking to me, and I pay attention to them. Fifty years of searching, I take clues where I can get them. Given what I was looking for, I thought magic and divination as valid a method as any tool in the search.† â€Å"See,† Kona said, â€Å"I told you. Science you don't know? Magic.† â€Å"I guess I was casting my faith around carelessly, I just hope I didn't do something awful.† â€Å"Nah, old Auntie, Jah's love on ye anyway, even if you're trampin' around your faith like a ho.† â€Å"Kona, shut up,† Clay said. â€Å"What do you mean, you might have done something awful, Elizabeth?† She picked up the scrapbook, closed it, then sat down on the bed next to Clay and hung her head. A tear dripped down onto the black pasteboard cover of the book. â€Å"When the call came, and the whale said that he wanted a pastrami on rye, I recognized the voice, Clay. I recognized the voice, and I insisted Nathan go out there and take the sandwich with him.† â€Å"It was probably a prank, Elizabeth, someone you've met. Nate was going out that day anyway. You didn't cause this.† â€Å"No, you don't understand, Clay. Pastrami on rye was my James's favorite. I always had one waiting for him when he came in from submarine duty. The voice on the phone was my James.†

Government of Verdania essays

Government of Verdania essays The government of Verdania is a combination of a Democracy and a Theocracy. This is because it is tied in very closely with the Grasshopper religion, and unlike in a democracy, you have to be a member of the religion to have a say in the government. A leader is elected every year, as the people live by the seasons of the weather, and after each rainy season a new leader is chosen, or the old one can be re-elected for as long as the people want him. The leader is called the Great Grasshopper, after the mythical insect that gave the people their rules to live by. He wears a headdress at ceremonies that looks like the head of a grasshopper. The next page shows their flag, which has one of these masks on it. The leader of the people right now claims to be a descendant of Marcus, one of the two prophets of the religion, so the religion has a lot to do with how the government is run. The leader rules by several sources of power. Economic is one, in that survival is very hard sometimes on the grasslands so everyone has to pitch in to make things work. It is also based on ideology, because almost everyone in Verdania is a member of the religion, so they believe in what their leader tells them. The governement is mostly decentralized. Each village has a Shaman who is pretty much in charge and who goes to meetings with the Great Grasshopper at the beginning of each season. This is to make sure that everyone will have enough to eat, if one village has extra, they can share that with the others. One of the philosophers that we know of that most relates to the Verdanian society would be Thoreau, who wrote about the relationship of man to nature and the importance of being in balance with it in a book called Walden Pond. The Verdanian government sets very high standards for the ecology and nothing may be done which creates pollution as this would ruin things for everyone. Each citizen, even if he is not a member of the religion is e...

Stewart’s Calculus 8th Edition, Section 1.1, Question 3

Stewart’s Calculus 8th Edition, Section 1.1, Question 3 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips This posts contains aTeaching Explanation. You can buyCalculus by Stewarthere. Why You Should Trust Me:I’m Dr. Fred Zhang, and I have a bachelor’s degree in math from Harvard. I’ve racked up hundreds and hundreds of hours of experienceworking withstudents from 5thgradethroughgraduate school, and I’m passionate about teaching. I’ve read the whole chapter of the text beforehand and spent a good amount of time thinking about what the best explanation is and what sort of solutions I would have wanted to see in the problem sets I assigned myself when I taught. Question:The graph of a function f is given.Page in 8th Edition: 19 Short Answers: f(1) = 3 f(-1) ~ -.3 f(x)=1 for x = 0 or 3 f(x)=0 for approximately x=-0.6 The domain of x are real numbers between -2 and 4 (or [-2,4], and the range are real numbers between -1 and 3, or [-1,3]. f is increasing on the interval [-2,1) Homework Answer:Same as Short Answers. Motivated Answers: The question is giving you the graph of the function f. This means that to figure out what f(x) is, we need to look at the y-value of the graph at x. To figure out f(1), we can take put a ruler vertically (up down) on the graph when x=1 and see how high the graph is, which is the same thing as the y-value of the graph. We can count boxes on the graph paper to see the y-value is 3. Just like a), we put a ruler vertically at x=-1, and the graph seems to show a y-value of about -.3 (it could be -0.2 or -0.5, but that’s our best guess by eyeballing it). This means f(-1)~-0.3 The question wants us to find all values of x where f(x)=1. Since 1 is the output of f, and the output means to y-values, we can take a ruler, put it horizontally at 1, and look at where the ruler hits the graph. We see the rule hits the graph two times, once when x is 0, and another time when x = 3. We do the same thing as c), but put the ruler horizontally at 0, which happens to be the x-axis. The graph hits the ruler at x=-.6 approximately. You have to find the domain and range of f. The domain of any function is all valid inputs, or stated the same way, all valid x-values. We can see from the graph that the graph spans the x-range of -2 though 4 (we can count boxes). To write this in interval notation, we write the range is [-2,4]. We use solid brackets here because the graph seems to include the endpoints.The range of f is all valid outputs of f. Stated the same way, these are all valid y-values of the graph. We can see the graph spans the y-range of -1 through 3, or [-1,3]. If you look at the graph you can see that f seems to be increasing throughout the first part of it, from x-values of -2 to 1. Writing this in interval notation, we get [-2,1). We use a parenthesis ) instead of bracket ] because at the point 1, the function is no longer increasing. Video Solution: Get full textbook solutions for just $5/month. PrepScholar Solutions has step-by-step solutions that teach you critical concepts and help you ace your tests. With 1000+ top texts for math, science, physics, engineering, economics, and more, we cover all popular courses in the country, including Stewart's Calculus. Try a 7-day free trial to check it out.

Contract Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contract Law - Coursework Example Under normal circumstances, one party’s document will have different terms from the other party’s terms thereby begging the question: whose terms governs the contract? This is what leads to what is termed as the â€Å"battle of forms.† Such a case was explored by Lord Denning in Butler V. Ex-Cell-O3. In case there is a battle of forms in any transaction, a contract is assumed to have taken effect as soon as the last of the forms is sent and received without any issue or objection being taken to it. Nevertheless, a difficulty arises when it comes to deciding which form or part of the form is a term or a condition with regard to the contract in question. Under some cases, the battle is won by the party that fires the last shot. This is the general rule under the battle of forms4. The last shot rule provides that no contract comes into existence as long as an offer and acceptance does not match. Under such a situation, each party’s reference to its own genera l conditions is taken as a rejection of the other party’s offer, thereby treated as a counter offer. It is only if one party to the contract accepts the other party’s offer, plus all the conditions prescribed in it that a contract is deemed to have been formed. The terms of the contract in this case refer to those of the party who has managed to ‘fire the last shot.’ In most cases under the battle of forms cases, this becomes the seller5. For instance, by sending the seller a purchase order by making reference to its general conditions, the buyer makes an offer under his personal standard terms. Then, by making reference to his/her own standard terms in the reply the seller makes a counteroffer and consequently rejects the buyer’s terms. The buyer is implied to have accepted this offer through acceptance of its delivery. This was evident in the case between British Road Services V. Crutchley6 . In this case, the court held that Crutchley’s co unter offer, which was not objected to by the British Road Services, was valid and, as such, carried the day7. From the case, it is evident that the victory was for the party that fired the last shot. It is worth noting that despite this being the general rule under battle of forms, certain exceptions exist. An exception comes where the victory goes to the party that gets in the blow first. For instance, where one party offers to sell at an express price based on the stated terms on the back and the buyer happens to order the same commodities implying to having accepted the offer on the order form with his own different terms on the back. If the difference happens to be so material to the extent that it may affect the initial price quoted, then the buyer is not supposed to be allowed to take advantage of this difference, not unless he/she notifies the seller regarding the difference. Such was the case between Butler V. Ex-Cell-O8. In the case between Butler V. Ex-Cell-O, it was the sellers who fired the first shot since they expressly made it clear that the contract was to be made only on their terms. Lord Denning alludes that in such a case, the seller should win the battle. Nevertheless, according to the ruling of the case by the court of appeal, the issue at hand was the question of who made the offer against the party that accepted it. As such, since the seller made the offer but the buyer later made a counter offer, which was accepted by the seller by raising no abjection, the buyer carried the day9. Application under

Porter's Five-Force Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Porter's Five-Force Analysis - Case Study Example The first key external environmental issue in the PHARMAC case study is the importance of regulatory agencies and authorities. From the case study, three advisory committees are identified as the key regulatory factors. The Consumer Advisory Committee (CAC), the Pharmacology and Therapeutics Advisory Committee (PTAC), and the Cancer Treatment Sub Committee (CatSop) are all identifies as the key factors (Koster, Erakovic and Smith). These committees are the advisory boards to the various elements of the external environment and the decision-making organs of PHARMAC. The other key environmental factor identified is the political factor in the operations of PHARMAC. The decision that PHARMAC made; approving the nine-week trial Herceptin drug reflects the influence of vested shareholder interests in the decision-making process. The political element is particularly important for this analysis because of the vested interests of the parties. Roche industries can be identified as having som e political influence on the analysis and the decision-making process. Porter’s Five-Force Analysis An analysis of the case study can also be done using Porter’s five-force analysis, which is used to determine every facet of the organization ranging from the profitability to the competitive threat and power of the industry (Porter, 1998). The first part of the five-force analysis is the threat of new entrants into the industry, a factor that is deemed to increase the intensity of competition. From the case study, it can be concluded that there is no threat of new entrants into PHARMAC’s industry because it is a government sanctioned advisory agency. An analysis of the second element in Porter’s five-force analysis is focused on the power of suppliers, who, in this case, are identified as the drug company Roche. The case study indicates that the supplier of Herceptin had exceptional power in the market; therefore, the bargaining power was relatively high. The third factor of Potter’s five-force analysis is the bargaining power of buyers, who, in this case, are identified as the New Zealand population and the regulatory and advisory agencies. An analysis of these buyers indicate that they have relatively low power compared to the suppliers, hence the decision to fund the nine-week trial of the drug Herceptin. The threat of substitutes is also considered in the same way as the threat of new entrants. In the funding process of new drugs, the case study indicates that PHARMAC and MedSafe are the primary considerations; therefore, there is no credible threat of substitutes. The competitive rivalry within the industry, the last factor of the industry analysis, indicates that the various factions in the funding and approval industry have different bargaining powers. The drug industry is very costly; therefore, the different competitors in the industry are identified to need massive amounts of funding to succeed. The case study also i ndicates that the critical success factor in the industry is consultation and good relations between the key players in the industry. The case study reveals that PHARMAC made its decision to fund the limited trial period for Herceptin based on a cost-benefit analysis. The success of the decision-making process could have been varied if the firm had decided to perform prior consultation with the stakeholders. This can also be supported by the success of the drug in other countries and regions. The main critical success